Abstract IAC Herculândia is a Coffea canephora cultivar multiresistant to Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, and M. paranaensis to be used as a rootstock for Coffea arabica cultivars. It is a synthetic cultivar resulting from recombination among the clonal cultivars IAC WG, IAC FEBS, IAC PM, IAC LCCBF, and IAC ARM.

Abstract The cultivar IAC Catuaí SH3 was developed by the pedigree method, from the recombination of the coffee tree H 2077-2-5-46, of the Catuaí Vermelho germplasm, with accession IAC 1110-8, from the exotic cultivar BA10. Cultivar IAC Catuaí SH3 is high-yielding, resistant to coffee leaf rust and tolerant to drought.

Abstract This work aimed to study the effective population size and genetic gain in a population of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre) and verify the possibility of using recurrent selection. The experiment comprised 25 treatments, consisting of 21 C. canephora progenies and four C. arabica (cultivars) grown in Brazil. The experimental design was a 5x5 quadruple balanced lattice, with 24 replications, with one plant per plot. Six harvests were performed in each plant. Statistical analysis was carried out using the mixed model methodology. The analysis showed high additive genetic variability, and the magnitude of the additive components prevailed over that of the dominance components. These facts revealed the plant population liability to undergo recurrent selection, whose expected genetic gains were high. Results suggest that the effective population size and inbreeding degree throughout recurrent selection cycles be monitored. During selective cycles, cloning with weak selection is required due to few progenies.

Abstract Cultivar IAC Obatã 4739 was derived from a cross between coffee tree IAC 1669-20-1 and cultivar Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62. It is short and high-yielding, rust-resistant, has large and yellow fruits, medium to late maturation, excellent cup quality, and responds effectively to irrigation.

Abstract IAC 125 RN was derived from a cross between the coffee cultivar Villa Sarchí and the Hibrido de Timor CIFC 832/2. The coffee trees are short and resistant to races 1 and 2 of the nematode Meloidogyne exigua and to all races of coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix, present in Brazil. Brazil.

Abstract ‘IPR 102’ is a coffee cultivar derivative from a cross between “Catuaí” and “Icatu”. ‘IPR 102’ is a dwarf cultivar (medium size) with high rusticity, late ripening cycle, and it is resistant to bacterial halo blight and partial resistant to coffee leaf rust.

Abstract ‘IPR 100’ was derived from a crossing between “Catuaí” and a hybrid (“Catuaí” x BA-10 coffee). ‘IPR 100’ is a medium size dwarf cultivar with high rusticity, with late ripening cycle, and with resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis and to some M. incognita populations.

'IPR 99' foi derivada do cruzamento entre "Villa Sarchi 971/10" e "Hibrido de Timor 832/2". 'IPR 99' é uma cultivar de porte baixo, resistente à mancha anular, parcialmente resistente à ferrugem, com maturação dos frutos semi-tardia. Em condições de campo, 'IPR 99' apresenta resistência parcial à necrose e mumificação de frutos jovens. Possui qualidade de bebida especial e alta produtividade nas regiões cafeeiras mais frias e mais quentes do Paraná.

'IPR 99' was derived from a cross between "Villa Sarchi 971/10" and "Hibrido de Timor 832/2". It is a dwarf cultivar, resistant to coffee ringspot virus, partially resistant to leaf rust with semi-late ripening. 'IPR 99' presents partial resistance to necrosis and mummification of young fruits on field conditions. It presents special cup quality and high yield in lower and higher temperature coffee regions in Paraná State.

A 'IPR 103' foi derivada do cruzamento entre "Catuaí" e "Icatu". 'IPR 103' é uma cultivar de porte compacto médio com alta rusticidade, parcialmente resistente à ferrugem e com maturação dos frutos tardia. Essa cultivar é mais adaptada para regiões quentes e de solos pobres. Em condições de campo, apresenta resistência parcial à necrose e mumificação de frutos jovens.

'IPR 103' was derived from a cross between "Catuaí" and "Icatu". 'IPR 103' is a medium size dwarf cultivar with high rusticity, partially resistant to coffee leaf rust with late ripening. This cultivar is more adapted to hot regions and poor soils. It presents partial resistance to necrosis and mummification of young fruits on field conditions.

Coffee ringspot is a minor coffee disease caused by the nuclear type of Brevipalpus mite-transmitted virus, Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV). Recently outbreaks of the disease in some growing regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were registered with qualitative and quantitative yield losses. Coffea arabica was the only species registered as natural host. A survey was made on a germplasm collection of Coffea and related species kept at the Centro de Café "Alcides Carvalho", Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, to assess natural susceptibility of Coffee species, other than C. arabica and some interspecific hybrids of Coffea as well as other non-Coffea plant species to the Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV). The following plants were found with ringspot symptoms on their leaves and/or fruits besides C. arabica L.: C. kapakata (IAC 4511), C. dewevrei cv. Excelsa, C. canephora cv. Robusta, hybrid derivative of the C. arabica × C. racemosa (IAC1195-5-6-2), C. arabica × C. dewerei (Piatã IAC 387), Híbrido de Timor CIFC 832/1 (derivative from a natural crossing between C. arabica × C. canephora) and C. racemosa. Also Psilanthus ebracteolatus, a species close to the genus Coffee was also found with ringspot lesions on their leaves. All these plants were also found infested by Brevipalpus mites identified as B. phoenicis. Infection of these plants by CoRSV was confirmed by the observation of characteristic cytopathic effects in the tissues of the lesion and by RT-PCR using a pair of primer specific for CoRSV. Only with C. racemosa RT-PCR failed to amplify the CoRSV genome. The susceptibility of P. ebracteolatus to CoRSV adds new dimension regarding its controversial taxonomic position.

Modelos agrometeorológicos que relacionam condições ambientes, como temperatura do ar e disponibilidade hídrica no solo, com a fenologia do cafeeiro são importantes para subsidiar os programas de previsão de safra de café do Brasil. O objetivo foi parametrizar e testar diferentes modelos agrometeorológicos para a estimativa da duração do estádio floração-maturação para diferentes cultivares de café arábica. Dados fenológicos das cultivares Mundo Novo, Catuaí e Obatã IAC 1669-20 foram obtidos de experimentos em Campinas e Mococa nos anos agrícolas de 2001/2002 a 2007/2008. Os anos de 2001/2002 a 2004/2005 foram utilizados na calibração e os de 2005/2006 a 2007/2008 no teste dos modelos. Consideraram-se três modelos de acumulação com base em evapotranspiração potencial (ETp), real (ETr), combinação entre ETr e ETp (ETr-ETp) e dois em graus-dia clássico (GD ) e corrigido pelo fator hídrico (GDcorr), para considerar a influência de períodos com deficiência hídrica durante a frutificação. Resultados indicaram que os modelos com correção pelo fator hídrico (ETr, e GD corr) tiveram estimativas da duração do estádio floração-maturação com maior consistência. Os modelos que consideram durante todo o estádio fenológico da floração-maturação valores de ETr de 746, 762 e 799 mm ou de GDcorr de 2733, 2816 e 3008 GD , respectivamente, para as cultivares Mundo Novo, Catuaí e Obatã IAC 1669-20, podem ser considerados consistentes parâmetros para a estimativa da duração deste subperíodo. Nos modelos parametrizados houve estimativas consistentes da duração do estádio floração-maturação. Os resultados confirmam a necessidade de se considerar o fator hídrico para a quantificação das somas térmicas, seja considerando ET ou graus-dia.

Models that consider the climatic effects to the physiologic processes of the phenology are fundamental for obtaining agrometeorological models more consistent to estimate duration of the flowering-maturation coffee growth stage and consequently better coffee grain yield estimates. The main objective was to obtain the parametrization and validation of different agrometeorological models that quantify the duration of the flowering-maturation stage for three arabica coffee cultivars. Phenological data were collected concerning Mundo Novo, Catuaí, and Obatã IAC 1669-20 cultivars from the experimental studies between the growing seasons 2001/02 to 2007/08 at Agronomic Institute (IAC/APTA), located at Campinas and Mococa, São Paulo State, Brazil. The growing seasons from 2001/02 to 2004/05 were used for the parametrization of the models, and from 2005/06 to 2007/08 were reserved for the validations. Five different thermal sums were used to estimate the duration of the flowering-maturation stage. Three based on evapotranspiration: potential (ETp), actual (ETr) and a combination between ETr and ETp (ETr-ETp); and two based on classic growing degree-days (GD) and a corrected by the water availability factor (GDcorr) during the fructification period. Results indicated that models considering correction for water availability (ETr and GDcorr) presented better results with estimative of the duration of the flowering-maturation stage with larger consistence than the other sums. The accumulation models considering ETr values of 746 mm, 762 mm, and 799 mm and GD corr (base temperature of 10.5°C) values of 2733 GDD, 2816 GDD, and 3008 GDD, respectively for Mundo Novo, Catuaí, and Obatã IAC 1669-20 cultivars, can be considered more consistent parameter for flowering-maturation phase estimation. The parametrized models were tested with independent years, and presented good estimates. The results confirm the need of the water availability factor to be considered for the quantification of the required thermal sums.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a resistência de plantas de Coffea arabica, C. canephora e de híbridos interespecíficos, à cercosporiose (Cercospora coffeicola), importante doença da cultura do cafeeiro. Foram realizados dois experimentos em 2003, em Campinas (SP), com mudas das cultivares de C. arabica, Mundo Novo IAC 388-17-1, Mundo Novo IAC 376-4, Bourbon Amarelo, Bourbon Vermelho, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Icatu Precoce IAC 3282, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5 e Tupi IAC 1669-33; de C. canephora, Robusta IAC 1653-7 e Apoatã IAC 2258, além de dois híbridos interespecíficos Piatã IAC 387 e Híbrido de Timor IAC 1559-13. As mudas foram submetidas à inoculação com uma suspensão de conídios preparada com cinco isolados coletados em diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Os materiais mais suscetíveis foram Robusta IAC 1653-7, Apoatã IAC 2258, Híbrido de Timor IAC 1559-13, Bourbon Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo com incidência entre 63,1% e 81,6% no primeiro experimento e entre 70% e 93,3% no segundo e severidade (notas 1-6) entre 2,92 e 3,42 no primeiro experimento e entre 3,64 e 2,79 no segundo. Os materiais mais resistentes foram Piatã IAC 387, Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5 e Tupi IAC 1669-33, com incidência entre 28,4% e 35,5% no primeiro experimento e 21,1% e 55,6% no segundo, e severidade entre 1,44 e 1,73 e entre 1,28 e 1,88, respectivamente, no primeiro e segundo experimentos.

In the present study plants of Coffea arabica, C. canephora, and interespecific hybrids were evaluated on their response to brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola), an important disease of the coffee crop. Two experiments were carried out in 2003 in Campinas, SP, with seedlings of C. arabica cultivars Mundo Novo IAC 388-17-1, Mundo Novo IAC 376-4, Bourbon Amarelo, Bourbon Vermelho, Obatã IAC 1669-20, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Icatu Precoce IAC 3282, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5, Tupi IAC 1669-33, of C. canephora, Robusta IAC 1653-7 and Apoatã IAC 2258, as well as two interspecific hybrids Piatã IAC 387 and Híbrido de Timor IAC 1559-13. The seedlings were inoculated with a conidial suspension containing a mixture of five isolates of C. coffeicola collected in different regions of São Paulo State. The most susceptible materials were Robusta IAC 1653-7, Apoatã IAC 2258, Híbrido de Timor IAC 1559-13, Bourbon Vermelho, and Bourbon Amarelo, with levels of incidence that varied from 81.6 to 63.1% in the first experiment, and from 70 to 93.3% in the second, and severity (graded scale 1-6) from 2.92 and 3.42 in the first experiment to 2.79 and 3.64 in the second. The most resistant materials were Piatã IAC 387, Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5 and Tupi IAC 1669-33, with incidence between 28.4 and 35.5 % in the first experiment and between 21.1 and 55.6%, in the second, and severity that varied from 1.44 to 1.73 in the first experiment to 1.28 to 1.88 in the second.

Foram determinados para o café arábica cv. Mundo Novo, a temperatura base inferior e a soma térmica, expressa em grausdia, além do acúmulo de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e real (ETr), para o subperíodo florescimento-colheita, utilizando-se dados fenológicos de cultivos dos anos de 1971 a 2004. Foi proposto ainda um fator de correção para o cálculo de graus-dia em função da disponibilidade hídrica nos oito primeiros decêndios após o florescimento. Os valores de temperatura-base e soma térmica obtidos foram de 10,2ºC e 2887 graus-dia e 10,5ºC e 2761 graus-dia, quando determinados sem e com correção pelo fator hídrico, respectivamente. O acúmulo médio de Eto para o subperíodo do florescimento à colheita foi de 761mm e para Etr 689 mm; quando se levou em consideração o acúmulo de ETr apenas no início do desenvolvimento dos frutos (oito primeiros decêndios), o valor médio foi de 721mm. A utilização de métodos que levaram em consideração a influência da disponibilidade hídrica melhorou a estimativa da temperatura base e a soma térmica no subperíodo do florescimento à colheita do cafeeiro Mundo Novo.

Base temperature and heat requirement, using degree-days were evaluated for coffee cv. Mundo Novo. The sum of reference (ETo) and actual (ETr) evapotranspiration were also determined for the flowering-harvest phenological stage, using coffee phenological data for the growing season from 1971 to 2004. A correction factor was proposed for the degree-days sum related to available water on the first eighty days during the beginning of flowering. The obtained values of base temperature and degree-days requirements were, respectively, 10.2ºC and 2887 degree-days and 10.5ºC and 2761 degree-days when evaluated with and without adjustement for water deficit. The mean value for ETo sum was 761 mm, and for ETr, 689 mm. When considered the sum of ETr during the development of the berries (first 80 days after flowering) was considered the mean values were 721 mm. The correction factor for water deficit improved the determination of base temperature and heat sum for the flowering-harvest stage for Mundo Novo coffee plants.

Estudou-se a divergência genética de 21 progênies de meios-irmãos - 19 do grupo Congolês e duas do grupo Guineano - de introduções do germoplasma de café robusta (Coffea canephora) do IAC. O estudo baseou-se em análises multivariadas de 14 características morfo-agronômicas, com o propósito de selecionar as progênies mais divergentes, visando à definição de população-base para posterior seleção e produção de híbridos. Avaliou-se também a importância das características discriminantes para análises de divergência, visando ao descarte das variáveis, segundo suas contribuições relativas. O experimento foi plantado e desenvolvido em campo experimental localizado no Pólo Regional do Nordeste Paulista, Mococa (SP), em blocos casualizados, com 21 tratamentos e 24 repetições. O agrupamento dos genótipos foi realizado com base nos métodos de Tocher e UPGMA. A matriz de dissimilaridade genética foi obtida por meio da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, que serviu de base para a formação dos grupos. Os métodos empregados foram eficientes em detectar ampla variabilidade genética entre as progênies avaliadas. Vários grupos dissimilares foram identificados. As progênies IAC 2262, IAC 2290, IAC 2286, IAC 2292 e IAC 2291 são indicadas para compor programas de intercruzamentos, por terem sido consideradas as mais promissoras na obtenção de populações segregantes ou híbridos heteróticos. As características que menos contribuíram para a divergência genética foram, hierarquicamente: diâmetro da copa antes da poda, altura da planta antes da poda e área foliar.

It was studied genetic divergence of 21 half-sib progenies, being 19 of the Congolês group and two of the Guineano group, introductions of germoplasma robust (Coffea canephora), based in 14 morpho-agronomic traits and multivariate procedures. It's aims to select the lineages most divergent for definition of population-base for posterior reciprocal recurrent selection and production of hybrids. The importance of the traits for divergence was, also, evaluated by the sequential discards the variables, according its relative contributions. The trial was carry out in an experimental field located in the Pólo Regional do Nordeste Paulista, Mococa-SP, using randomized blocks with 21 treatments and 24 replicates. The datas were analyzed by Tocher and UPGMA methods. The matrix of genetic divergence was gotten on the generalized Mahalanobis distance that it served of base for the formation of the groups. The employed methods had been efficient in detecting ample genetic variability between the evaluated progenies. Some groups of similarity had been identified. The IAC 2262, IAC 2290, IAC 2286, IAC 2292 and IAC 2291 progenies are indicated to compose programs of intercrosses, being considered the most promising in the attainment of segregantes populations or hybrid heterotics. The characteristics that had less contributed for the genetic divergence had been: canopy diameter before pruning, plant height before pruning and leaf area.

Observações efetuadas em cafeeiros adultos, em diferentes condições tropicais do Brasil, revelam que as gemas florais completam a maturação e entram em dormência, ficando prontas para a antese, quando o somatório da evapotranspiração potencial (ETp), a partir de abril, atinge cerca de 350 mm. O objetivo deste trabalho foi parametrizar e validar um modelo agrometeorológico de estimativa do início da fase da floração plena do cafeeiro arábica para as condições do Estado de São Paulo. Anotações fenológicas do café arábica, cultivares Mundo Novo e Catuaí, em fase adulta, foram obtidas de arquivos do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), referentes a duas regiões do Estado, Campinas e Mococa, no período de 1993 a 2005. Como indicador do fator térmico, relacionado com a fenologia do cafeeiro, considerou-se inicialmente o valor sugerido de 350 mm relativo ao somatório decendial de ETp, a partir de abril, e a quantidade mínima de chuva de 10 mm no decêndio, necessária para que as gemas maduras sejam induzidas à antese conforme o modelo original. Consideraram-se, também, outros valores de ETp e de graus-dia (GD) e também de chuva mínima (1 a 10mm). O modelo agrometeorológico parametrizado, que considera os valores acumulados de ETp (335 mm) ou de GD (1579) para as gemas florais atingirem a maturação e um mínimo de 7 mm de chuva para quebrar a dormência das gemas maduras, apresentou melhor capacidade de indicar a época da plena floração do cafeeiro arábica, com erros de estimativa inferiores ao do modelo original.

Phenological observations made in adult coffee crops, under tropical conditions of Brazil, indicated that flowering buds complete the maturation and reach to the dormancy of the buds, being ready for the main flowering when the accumulated value of potential evapotranspiration (ETp), starting from April, reaches about 350 mm and a minimum amount of rainfall of 10 mm is necessary so that the mature buds are induced to antesis, such as the original model. The objective was the parametrization and validation of the agrometeorological model for estimating the beginning of the full flowering period for arabic coffee for the conditions of the State of São Paulo. Phenological observations of adult coffee crops, variety Mundo Novo and Catuaí, were obtained from arhieves of the Instituto Agronomico (IAC), in Campinas, for two tropical areas, Campinas and Mococa, during the years of 1993 to 2005. Different accumulated values of ETp and Growing Degree Days (GDD) and values of minimum rainfall (1 to 10 mm) also were considered. The parametrized agrometeorological model, that considers the accumulated values of ETp (335 mm) or GDD (1579), for the flower buds to reach the maturation, and a minimum value of 7 mm of rainfall presented better capacity to indicate the period of the full flowering for arabic coffee plants, with minors errors of estimating comparing to the original model.